UPDATED! Deconstructing the ‘Man of Lawlessness’: Proofs that Donald Trump is not THE Antichrist

Responding to the Many Claims on the Internet that Trump is the Antichrist

ONE OF THE DOWNSIDES of the growth of the internet (apart from the mass surveillance aspect 😉) has been the huge proliferation of ministries or social media ‘info-nodes’ through which a vast number of wacky speculations about alleged conspiracies, Bible prophecy, and Bible interpretation in general can be made available en masse to a highly gullible public. The terrible caveats in the Bible itself about adding to or subtracting from God’s words should give any genuine disciple of Christ serious pause for thought. One appears near the beginning of the Bible, another in the middle, and another at the end:

1) “You must not add to or subtract from what I command you” (Deuteronomy 4:2).
2) “Every word of God is flawless… Do not add to His words, lest He rebuke you and prove you a liar” (Proverbs 30:5-6).
3) “I testify to everyone who hears the words of prophecy in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and the holy city, which are described in this book” (Revelation 22:18-19).

I do not claim to be right about everything (although I would not publish anything unless I believe that it is), and have always said that I will gladly retract any of my writings which can be proved to be based on anything other than truth. I have a revulsion for extremist zealotry and cavalier or cultish approaches to Scripture — not to mention an absolute abhorrence towards falsehood of any kind. I can honestly say that I would rather quietly and prayerfully study a difficult Bible subject or even a single verse for months or even years rather than rush hastily to commit myself to what could be an incorrect rendering. That was what I applied to the writing of my commentary on the Book of Revelation; and it is what I apply to all my public writings. This is the responsibility which a Bible teacher has towards his readership (I use the word “his” deliberately because of the huge number of self-styled false “teachers” and pseudo-info-nodes on the internet which are being presumptuously and arrogantly headed up by wayward, unteachable women, including Donald Trump's Senior Advisor to the White House Faith Office, Paula White, who also owned a condo in Trump Tower in New York for 20 years, and who Trump thinks is "amazing"). Recklessly leading people up the garden path when teaching Bible is a serious offence for which one will pay a dreadful price.

This Article is Not to Defend Trump but to Demolish Falsehood

Having said the above in order to put this article into context, I turn here to the stupid notion which I have seen repeated many times on social media that the current president of the United States, Donald Trump, is the Antichrist. I do not write this article to defend Donald Trump in any way, because I believe that he is a mountebank and dissembler of the highest order, not to mention an utterly false “Christian”. I am writing this in order to set the record straight because I detest false teaching of any kind — even when it is about a false teacher!

So when I see that claim about Trump being the Antichrist, I wonder to myself, “have these folks ever read or studied their Bibles?” Of course, a great mass of professing “Christians” are already “up the Swanee without a paddle” because of their baseless, nonsensical belief that the nation-state of Israel today is some kind of revival of the Old Testament nation, Israel. Not to mention the ridiculous delusion that so many also believe — because of their hyper-literalism — that Jesus will return to set up a 1000-year kingdom, reigning from Jerusalem, on this present earth. What’s more, so many also ludicrously believe that the church will be ‘raptured’ off this earth before the great tribulation, such as is propagated in the bizarre “Left Behind” books and movies. It seems to me that eschatology (Endtimes teaching) has so often been reduced to a grotesque comic strip, making the church into a laughing stock among unbelievers.

Differentiating Between ‘Types’ or Forerunners of the Antichrist and the Actual Antichrist

An example of what makes people believe that Trump is the Antichrist occurred when a bizarre video was picked up and forwarded by him recently on his social media outlet which had originally been made independently as a kind of satire (so it is claimed) by Israeli-born digital creator, Solo Avital. It parodied Trump as some kind of ‘saviour’ of Gaza by recreating it into a playboy’s riviera paradise (which is precisely what he had previously suggested), complete with a huge golden statue of Trump plonked in the middle of it. Even if Trump had made that video himself or had ordered it to be made, the presence of that giant statue does not imply that Trump is the Antichrist (though his approval of it does show that he is completely tasteless and obnoxious). Many emperors in the past had huge statues made of themselves and placed in a public area which were intended to be revered. Many of those emperors even claimed divinity for themselves along with that statue. But that did not make them into the Antichrist. There have certainly been many emperors who could be styled as ‘types’ or prefigurements of the Antichrist but that does not make them into the actual Antichrist.

One has to differentiate between the actual Antichrist who is still to come and all the various ‘mini-antichrists’ — ‘types’, forerunners, or prefigurements of the actual Antichrist — which have littered history and still do. That difference is spelled out by the apostle John in his first letter, which was likely written towards the end of the first century AD (c. 85 - 95 AD). Here is what he wrote:

“It is the last hour; and just as you have heard that the antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. This is how we know it is the last hour” (1 John 2:18).

I will explain the difference between "the Antichrist" and "many antichrists" further below. But first, a few words about that phrase "the last hour". Even though it might seem to be otherwise because of the brevity implied in the meaning of the word “hour”, the phrase “the last hour” is a symbolic expression which refers to the whole time period from the ascension of Christ until the end of the age. That is why it was already “the last hour” when John wrote his first letter. The time period known as “the last hour” is also known as “the last days”. We know this because the Letter to the Hebrews clearly states: “In these last days God has spoken to us by His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, and through whom He made the aeons” (Hebrews 1:2). James also uses the same term when he accuses the brethren of being materialistic and of having “hoarded up treasure in the last days” (James 5:3). So, they were “the last days” when those letters were written in AD 64 and AD 65-85 respectively, and these must also therefore plainly be “the last days” in which we are now living. The apostle Peter also used the term, “the last days”, when he quoted the prophet Joel regarding Christ’s post-ascension outpouring of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:17). This same period of time known as “the last hour” or “the last days” was also known as “the last time” (Jude 1:18), and “these last times” (1 Peter 1:20).

We still live now in the same symbolic “last hour” in which John said he was living. The “last hour”, or “last days”, or “these last times” are what we are living in right now and we have been doing so for almost the past two thousand years. We are in the last days before the return of Christ and the end of this age. But this must not be confused with the Endtimes, which will constitute the brief time-period at the end of the “last hour”/“last days” during which all hell will break loose on this earth in a time of great tribulation, the Antichrist will be revealed heading up a global government, then soon after that the Lord Jesus will return ‘like lightning coming from the east and shining as far as the west’ (Matthew 24:27).

So, during these past two thousand years of this age (these “last days” or “last hour”), as we see from the above text in John’s first letter, many ‘mini-antichrists’ have come and gone while the actual Antichrist is yet to come. All the ‘mini-antichrists’ have been those who have one or more characteristics which will mark out the real Antichrist when he is revealed and are therefore ‘types’ of the Antichrist — forerunners, prefigurements, who in some way point us towards what will eventually be the real deal. But those ‘mini-antichrists’ are not the real Antichrist themselves.

The Three Major ‘Types’ of the Antichrist

However, out of the many ‘mini-antichrists’ who have come in history, there are three in particular which stand out because of their revealing actions. The first of those three was Nimrod, the great-grandson of Noah, who was king in Babylonia, in the land of Shinar (Genesis 10:8-10), and who is widely believed to have ordered the building of the Tower of Babel, when the peoples came together as one in Shinar and attempted hubristically to “make a name for themselves” over and against the power of God (Genesis 11:1-4). One could call that Babel-event a forerunner, ‘type’, or prefigurement of the time when the real Antichrist brings all the peoples together in a new metaphorical Babel-event at the end of this age. For the event of the Tower of Babel in Genesis 11 has been the only time in previous history when there has been a mass confederation of peoples under a leader deliberately getting on their hind-legs against God. Since then, the ego-crazed emperors who have set up a godless empire did not bring all the peoples together in a confederation but they set themselves up against other peoples and then were eventually toppled by some other self-obsessed egomaniacal emperor who set up a new empire. The next Babel type of event — when all the peoples come together as one in a confederation will be under the real Antichrist at the end of this age.

The second major type (prefigurement) of the Antichrist was the Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom, Antiochus Epiphanes IV (c. 215 BC-164 BC), who violated the Jewish temple in 156 BC. According to Greek historian Diodorus,

“Antiochus sacrificed a large pig at the image of Moses, and at the altar of God that stood in the outward court, and sprinkled them with the blood of the sacrifice. He commanded likewise that the books, by which they were taught to hate all other nations, should be sprinkled with the broth made of the pig’s flesh. And he put out the lamp (called by them immortal) which burns continually in the temple. Lastly he forced the high priest and the other Jews to eat pig’s flesh”.

This violation of the real Jewish temple — an abomination before God — is a recurring Antichrist feature. When the actual Antichrist is finally revealed, it is said that he, too, will “seat himself in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God” (2 Thessalonians 2:4). However, that obviously cannot be the Jewish temple of God because that has been definitively destroyed in AD 70 as God’s way of showing that Old Covenant Israel was finished, as we will see further below. Even if some Jews today (with some ‘Christian Zionists’ — a contradiction in terms — thrown in for good measure) were to set up some kind of so-called “Third Temple” in Jerusalem, it would not be a genuine God-ordained temple but an utterly humanistic counterfeit because the Old Covenant is finished and has given way to the New Covenant in Christ (a much better one, as is stated in Hebrews 7:22; 8:6!). Let me just develop this a bit as it is important for us to realise that there can be no future temple of God which has been made with human hands — no matter how many temples are built by deluded humans.

Just as the Old Covenant nation of Israel morphed into the Church, which became the new Israel (Galatians 6:16; Philippians 3:3) meaning that the old Israel became redundant, so the Old Covenant temple of Israel also morphed into the Church, which became the new temple of God (please read 2 Corinthians 6:16; 1 Corinthians 3:16-17; 1 Peter 2:5: Ephesians 2:21-22; cf. John 14:23) meaning that the physical temple of God also became redundant. Therefore, neither Israel nor its Temple can exist anymore as being from God. Bear in mind that the Paul who said that the Antichrist will seat himself in the "temple of God" is the same Paul who said that the temple of God in the New Covenant is the people of God the body of Christ. Thus, the Antichrist sitting in the temple of God cannot possibly refer to any physical temple for no temple made with hands can possibly be a temple "of God" but only a counterfeit "temple" designed by sinful and disobedient humans. The original physical temple of God in Jerusalem is finished by Divine decree, as embodied in the complete and definitive obliteration of the physical temple in Jerusalem in AD 70. Therefore, for the Antichrist to be "seated in the temple of God" can only refer to him assuming the place of God and His prerogatives and privileges — attempting to take the place of God in counterfeit of Him — while considering himself to have power over the people of God in whom God now resides as His true temple. For that is the only "temple of God" which is in existence or can be.

This brings us to the third major type of the Antichrist, the Roman Emperor, Titus (AD 39-AD 81), who destroyed Jerusalem and the temple in AD 70. Jesus also refers to this violation of the temple by an antichrist figure in His Sermon on the Mount of Olives when He says: “So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination of desolation,’ spoken of by the prophet Daniel” (Matthew 24:15). Some have referred this to what I mentioned above in relation to Antiochus Epiphanes IV. But this prophecy clearly refers to an event as yet unfulfilled in Jesus’ time. It would seem, therefore, that Jesus was using a typical future prophetic double-reference. In the first place, he was referring to the destruction of the Jewish temple by the Roman Emperor Titus in AD 70 (as Jesus had earlier specifically spoken of the fine buildings of Jerusalem being destroyed and the rest of His words answer the disciples’ question about when would those things be, Matthew 24:1-3). In the second place, it would seem that He was referring to the usurpation of divine privilege by the actual Antichrist who “seats himself in the temple of God”. Jesus must be referring jointly to this future event as well as the AD 70 Titus episode because this verse in His address is directly linked with the time of great tribulation mentioned a few verses later when He says, “at that time” (Matthew 24:21). That time of great tribulation spoken of by Jesus there cannot possibly refer to the Titus episode in AD 70 in Jerusalem because He says that the time of tribulation to which He is referring will be worse than anything seen “from the beginning of the world” and worse than anything which will be seen again (Matthew 24:21). There have been plenty of terrible times and events which have been at least as bad as and many even worse than what happened in Jerusalem in AD 70. But the still future great tribulation prophesied by Jesus in Matthew 24:15 will be far worse than anything ever to have happened on this earth at any time. Nevertheless, Titus was still a forerunner/type/prefigurement of the Antichrist to come (a major ‘mini-antichrist’), and he gives us a taste of what the real Antichrist will be about.

The ‘Spirit of the Antichrist’ is the Denial that Christ Came in the Flesh

We also see from John’s text above that the emergence of so many ‘mini-antichrists’ is actually a sign in itself that we are in “the last hour”, on the downward trajectory towards what will be the Endtimes. As he writes, “many antichrists have appeared. This is how we know it is the last hour”. This plethora of false christs also constituted one of the prophetic revelations of the Lord Jesus in His sermon on the Mount of Olives (see Matthew 24:23-24). One of the major signs of this ‘antichristism’ — being part of the “spirit of the antichrist” which undergirds and permeates this present evil age — is the denial that Christ came in the flesh, incarnated, in order to save those who share in that flesh. As John puts it:

"By this you will know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and which is already in the world at this time" (1 John 4:2-3).

On that note, let me just share here that the increasing emergence of Transhumanism is an expression of that denial that Jesus Christ came in the flesh because it seeks instead to transform humanity through technology and A.I. in order to transcend fallen sinful nature and flesh and make humans into a new creation (Human 2.0) without any reference to the uniquely transformative salvific work of Christ. Therefore, without any hesitation, I declare that Transhumanism can be said to be ‘antichrist’, i.e. in "the spirit of the Antichrist". Those who work with Transhumanism, are therefore, in some way, ‘mini-antichrists’.

As I have shown in a previous article, Trump and (especially) Vance have been shoehorned into office by the power-elite to further the cause of Transhumanism and can therefore be said to be ‘mini-antichrists’. [See this link to read that article https://diakrisis-project.com/2025/02/18/investigative-article-the-real-reason-behind-the-election-of-donald-trump-and-behind-his-choice-of-running-mate-too/ ]. However, for the reasons shown throughout this present article, neither Trump nor Vance can possibly be the actual Antichrist. They desperately want control of (i.e., to take over) lands which are rich in rare-earth minerals (e.g., Greenland and Ukraine) because those minerals are vital to the development of the A.I. necessary in forging ahead with their godless Transhumanism and to be ahead of China which is currently the richest land on earth in rare-earth minerals.

This antichrist development of A.I. and Transhumanism by Trump and Vance (the real reason for them being shoehorned into office by the power-elite) is what this administration is really all about, rather than the stated diversionary goals of migrant-bashing and a condemnation of gender ideology. In his March 4th Joint Address to Congress, which had the cultishly-suited lackey audience jumping up to applaud like monkeys throughout, Trump bragged:

"OpenAI and Oracle — Larry Ellison — announced $500 billion investment, which they wouldn’t have done if Kamala had won. (Applause.). Apple announced $500 billion investment. Tim Cook called me. He said, “I cannot spend it fast enough.” It’s going to be much higher than that, I believe. They’ll be building their plants here, instead of in China. And just yesterday, Taiwan Semiconductor — the biggest in the world, most powerful in the world, has a tremendous amount — 97 percent of the market, announced a $165 billion investment to build the most powerful chips on Earth right here in the USA (Applause.)."

In this sense, Trump, Vance and all their cronies who are innovating A.I. for Transhumanist purposes without any limitations on research can be said to be ‘mini-antichrists’ but none of them is the actual Antichrist. The real Antichrist will eventually come on the back of what Trump and his A.I. Transhumanist cronies are going to be doing. One always has to differentiate between ‘mini-antichrists’ — who are merely forerunners and pavers of the way (lackey-gofers) for the real Antichrist— and the actual Antichrist himself.

The Hallmarks of the Real Antichrist

To further demonstrate that Donald Trump cannot possibly be the Antichrist (despite his antichrist intentions), the Bible shows that there are clear identifiable hallmarks of the real Antichrist which make him unique. Therefore, only when a person demonstrates all those hallmarks can he be confirmed to be the Antichrist. Here are those hallmarks with their Biblical references and my expository comments:

1) The Antichrist will be the ultimate epitome (the very climax) of human evil, which is why he is referred to in Scripture as the “man of lawlessness” (2 Thessalonians 2:3). Although Trump is an egomaniacal rascal, dissembler and compulsive liar, he cannot possibly fit the epitome of evil mentioned in 2 Thessalonians 2. There have been many in history who have been far more lawless than Trump; but even so, none of them was the Antichrist, and neither is Trump.

2) The Antichrist will be revered as the leader of the whole world, voluntarily revered by all (and that “all” will even revere Satan who energises the Antichrist), heading up a global government, rather than merely being the ruler of a single nation-state (Revelation 13:3-4, 8). Before going any further with this section, I should explain here that the “beast” set forth in the thirteenth chapter of the Book of Revelation depicts the way that the “mystery of lawlessness” and the “spirit of the Antichrist” have manifested exponentially in governance and world culture during the whole Gospel Age as a satanic world-system which climaxes in the actual “man of lawlessness”, the Antichrist. The two beasts mentioned in that chapter represent symbolically a different aspect of the “spirit of the Antichrist” and the satanic world-system — two sides of the same coin, as it were. Thus, the first beast out of the sea is the political, governmental, and administrative aspect of the enforcement of Satan’s kingdom-building across the planet, leading ultimately to the creation of a global government. Whereas the second beast out of the earth involves all the ‘spirit of the antichrist’ influences in society of a pseudo-religious nature, the application of godless philosophy and science — along with the supportive unethical use of technology — which will endorse, prop up and advocate the first beast. Therefore, the second beast provides the undergirding religio-philosophical rationale and the scientific foundation for the whole political beast-system, and culminates in a kind of global oneness religion alongside the global government. [For a detailed explanation of all this, please see sections 5-8 of Chapter 6 in my commentary on the Book of Revelation, “The Essential Apocalypse”, which you can download freely here: https://diakrisis-project.com/2024/10/06/the-second-edition-paperback-of-the-essential-apocalypse-is-now-ready-for-purchase-delivery/ ]. The only dissenters of that reverence toward the Antichrist will be genuine disciples of Christ, who will be increasingly bumped off for their awareness of who he is and their refusal to submit to him (Revelation 11:7; 13:7). It is very obvious that Trump is not the revered leader of the whole world. In fact, the majority of people in the world regard Trump as an uncouth ‘potty-mouthed’ moron — the very opposite of how the real Antichrist will present himself, who will have the whole world eating out of his hand, so to speak, with his demonic leadership skills, smooth-talking sophistry and mesmeric attraction. Therefore, Trump cannot possibly be the actual Antichrist.

3) The Antichrist will put himself above every religion/belief/philosophy and proclaim himself to be God (2 Thessalonians 2:4). Trump has never made such assertions about himself and even if he was to do so, very few would take him seriously as he has no spiritual credentials whatsoever (apart from spouting utterly false “Christianity”) and he comes across as the ultimate material man. Thus, he cannot be the Antichrist.

4) The Antichrist will counterfeit the second coming of Christ and will be extolled as the ‘World Teacher’ which many religions claim will come to save the world and bring in utopia on this present earth. In His sermonic context of the great tribulation on the Mount of Olives, Jesus says, “At that time, if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or ‘There He is!’ do not believe it” (Matthew 24:23). Of course not. For at the time when the great tribulation begins, the only ‘christ’ on the scene will be a false one: Namely, the Antichrist!

The Greek word for Antichrist, ἀντίχριστος, antichristos, has the prefix ‘anti-‘ which in Greek means both “against” and “in the place of”. This has serious implications for the identity of the Antichrist. For it shows that his coming will be a counterfeit of the second coming of Christ and this will fool many. In fact, this deception is shown in the use of the same Greek word being used for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and the coming of the Antichrist. Theologically, the word παρουσία, parousia, has always been associated with the second coming of Christ; yet in the same chapter describing the two events, that same Greek word is used for both (see 2 Thessalonians 2:1, 9). This surely more than hints that unless great discernment is exercised, the parousia of the Antichrist will be mistaken by many for the parousia of the Christ. In fact, knowing the difference between the coming of the Antichrist and the coming of the true Christ — distinguishing between one parousia and the other — will be a hallmark of true faith. For the coming of the Antichrist will be steeped in deception of the highest order. Thus, the Jewish people will think that their Messiah has finally arrived (as is even hinted at in John 5:43). Most Muslims will welcome the Antichrist as their expected saviour, the “Mahdi”. Buddhists will welcome the Antichrist as their expected saviour, “Bodhisattva Maitreya”. Theosophists and New Age folks will welcome the Antichrist as their expected “World Teacher” (as touted by Alice Bailey and her ilk). Hopi Indians (and those who revere them) will welcome the Antichrist as their expected “Pahana”. Many other traditions are expecting some great “World Teacher” and saviour to arrive on earth and save it. Even (God forbid!) many of those who profess to be “Christians” (but aren’t really) will fall for the deceptive sway of the Antichrist, believing him to be the returned Christ. The Antichrist will be welcomed with open arms by ET and UFO lovers, not to mention those in hock with the World Economic Forum who are fomenting a global religious alliance as well as a global government. [For much expanded information on this whole subject area, please read section 7 of Chapter 6 in my commentary on the Book of Revelation, “The Essential Apocalypse”, which you can download as an e-Book here: https://diakrisis-project.com/2024/10/06/the-second-edition-paperback-of-the-essential-apocalypse-is-now-ready-for-purchase-delivery/ ]. Suffice it to say that a man like Donald Trump is not remotely a candidate for these expectations of world religions and philosophies as their avatar of the world’s salvation and bringer of utopia to planet earth! Therefore, Trump cannot pssibly be the Antichrist.

5) The Antichrist will be energised by Satan with supernatural powers, the presentation of “signs”, and the ability to perform false miracles (2 Thessalonians 2:9). The coming of the Antichrist will be a satanic supernatural event of great sophistication and he will have advanced supernatural capabilities, being directly energised by Satan, as that Bible text explicitly states. Does that in any way describe the characteristics of Donald Trump? The very idea is utterly ludicrous, and needs no further exposition! Therefore, he cannot possibly be the Antichrist.

6) The Antichrist will direct the mass slaughter of genuine disciples of Christ (Daniel 7:25; 12:7; Revelation 11:7; 12:7). This is the action of someone who has total global power and the support of the whole world. Can you imagine Trump being involved in such an act? He has neither the power nor the capability and following to do so. Therefore, he cannot possibly be the Antichrist.

Postscript

Now, having shared all those hallmarks of the genuine Antichrist, it is clear that Trump does not even exhibit one of them. However, although Trump does not match up with any of the hallmarks of the actual Antichrist in the Bible, his and Vance’s advocacy of A.I. and Transhumanism will pave the way for the actual Antichrist, and he still has a few lesser ‘mini-antichrist’ characteristics. For example, he has an exaggeratedly high opinion of himself, bordering on mental illness, having delusions of grandeur. (In fact, I would say that his entire cabinet and entourage share in that and are plainly afflicted with multiple personality disorders). He runs his acolytes (MAGA adherents) like a cult, believing that he can commit any evil act and still retain his voting base. He uses known hypnotic techniques in his speeches. [As I have shown in a previous article: https://diakrisis-project.com/2024/07/17/the-cult-of-trump-and-how-he-was-able-to-create-it/ ]. He is a proven liar and dissembler. But he comes nowhere near matching the full picture of the Antichrist presented to us in Scripture, who will appear to be extremely sophisticated and a practising magician, shaman and wizard to boot, with a hotline to Satan, using extreme deception, with the ability to mesmerise and control others well beyond normal human capability.

Really, only those who are genuine disciples of Christ will be able to resist and oppose the real Antichrist and his whole rotten entourage; and only they will understand what is happening and why (which will be why they will have to be killed). So, if you want to make sense of everything that is coming and will come upon this earth, you really should devote yourself to the truth about Christ right now, complete with sorrow for your previous denial of who He is and what He stands for. Then life on this planet will begin to make sense at last. [Please message me if you want to know more].

Now, after all the words I have shared above, I sincerely hope that I have convinced you that any claim of Donald Trump being the Antichrist, when compared with Scripture, must surely be entirely bogus, and those who claim it are false teachers and false witnesses in the face of all the biblical evidence. He has a few ‘mini-antichrist’ characteristics but he cannot possibly be the actual Antichrist. That heinous revelation is still reserved for a future date.

.

.

© Copyright, Alan Morrison, 2025
[The copyright on my works is merely to protect them from any wanton plagiarism which could result in undesirable changes (as has actually happened!). Readers are free to reproduce my work, so long as it is in the same format and with the exact same content and its origin is acknowledged]